WASHINGTON — The unemployment rate has surpassed 10 percent for the first time since 1983 – and is likely to go higher. Nearly 16 million people can’t find jobs even though the worst recession since the Great Depression has apparently ended. The Labor Department said Friday that the economy shed a net total of 190,000 jobs in October, less than the downwardly revised 219,000 lost in September.

DETROIT — Air bags have long been mounted in the steering wheel, dashboard and sides of vehicles. Now, they’re in the seat belts.


 
 The unemployment rate has surpassed 10 percent for the first time since 1983. Nearly 16 million people can’t find jobs and employers cut a net total of 190,000 jobs last month, the Labor Department says. Employers aren’t expected to start adding jobs for several more months.

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 Stock markets rose Friday ahead of the release of key U.S. jobs data, which markets use to gauge the health of consumer spending in the world’s largest economy in the run-up to the year-end holiday season. In Europe, the FTSE 100 index of leading British shares was up 10.30 points, or 0.2 percent, at 5,135.94 while Germany’s DAX rose 4.95 points, or 0.1 percent, to 5,485.87


 
 Citigroup Inc. filed plans for an initial public offering of its Primerica Inc.


 
 Stock futures are holding steady as investors await the government’s report on October employment. The report from the Labor Department is considered a key gauge of the health of consumer spending, a major component of economic activity.